The compost
pile must be kept moist (but not soggy) for optimum decomposition.
Excess moisture causes anaerobic decomposition and offensive odors.
During dry weather it may be necessary to add additional water at
weekly intervals. It may be desirable to cover the pile to prevent
excess moisture loss, and aid decomposition in dry periods. A
plastic covering also protects the pile from becoming too wet during
periods of heavy rainfall.
Within a few weeks of starting, the pile should be hot in the
center. Heating generally indicates that the pile is decomposing
properly. Failure to heat may be caused by too little or too much
moisture, improper aeration, packing the material too tightly, or a
pile that is too small.
The pile should be periodically turned or mixed. Turning may be
done by slicing down through the pile with a shovel or fork and
inverting each slice. The main objectives of turning are to shift
materials from the outer parts of the pile closer to the center for
better decomposition, and to incorporate oxygen. During warm weather
the pile should be turned about monthly. If fall gathered leaves
make up the bulk of the pile, it is suggested that it be turned in
mid-November before freezing conditions arrive. Do not turn the pile
in winter because this allows too much heat to escape and slows
decomposition. Begin the turning again in spring when the days are
warmer.
A compost pile should be turned immediately if at any time a strong
ammonia or other offensive odors is detected. Such conditions
indicate that the pile is not functioning properly because of excess
moisture or lack of internal oxygen.
Where space is available, turning may be done by shifting the
entire pile into another bin, later to be moved back. As materials
decompose, the pile should shrink to about half of its original
volume. The length of time required will vary with the size of pile
and time of year. Generally 4 to 6 months is enough time to produce
useable compost from fallen tree leaves and other garden refuse if
you turn and aerate the pile on a regular basis. Static, un-worked
piles generally take longer to produce good compost.
