The idea of backyard composting is to build a good population of aerobic (oxygen loving) organisms to decay the plant based organic matter. Therefore, it is vital to make sure that there is plenty of oxygen in the pile at all times. Of course, all composting bins should have opening such as wire fencing or wooden slats that allow air to penetrate into the pile.

Providing additional air (oxygen) to the pile may be accomplished in one of two ways:

Active Aeration - The term "active" of course means that you will have to put some effort into this process. This involves moving the composting material in order to allow air to mix in amongst the particles.

The most common method is to "turn" the pile in place. This involves using a pitch fork or one of the devices made specifically for this purpose. The material is lifted into the air a bit and flipped over. Depending on how fast you want the pile to compost, this needs to be done regularly or frequently.

Passive Aeration - This process involves less effort on the part of the person doing the composting. However, it also means a slower development of the compost and, perhaps, a higher possibility of the pile moving into an aerobic phase if not watched.

One method of passive aeration is to place a plastic drainage pipe in the middle of the pile. This will allow air (and water) to penetrate into the pile without having to turn it. Again, remember that this method will generally result in a slower composting process and will not generate heat high enough to kill disease organisms or weed seeds.

• Intro to Composting
• Types of Composting
• Organisms
• Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio
• Site Selection
• Composting Bins
• Equipment
• Starting the Pile

• Maintaining the Pile
• Aeration
• Watering
• Finished Compost
• Using Compost
• Troubleshooting Problems
• Composting Terminology

Note: We have provided some general information and observations on this topic aimed at the home gardener. Before you take any serious action in your landscape, check with your state's land grant university's Cooperative Extension Service for the most current, appropriate, localized recommendations.